New Horizon Project Kaisei

From Doug Woodring, Co-Founder, Project Kaisei – August 27, 2009

After being at sea for three weeks, and thinking about what is going on in the oceans, it is a daunting thought. The size and the expanse is enormous, and we only looked mainly on the surface. One can only imagine what might be happening below where year’s of sunken debris lays unnoticed.

The Kaisei is still at sea, on her way back now to San Francisco, where she will come home, under the Golden Gate, on August 31st. Project Kaisei had two vessels in the North Pacific Gyre this summer, both studying aspects of the marine debris issue, and what possible solutions might come of it. Much of the data will need to be analyzed once we are on land and the samples are put through lab work, but we do know that the problem is pervasive, and that we witnessed plastic in all of our surface sample trawls over 1,200 miles of sampling (on the New Horizon – the Kaisei had the same results in about 2,400 miles of sampling).

From here, we will begin working with a wide variety of groups in industry, innovation, policy and education in order to help spread the word about ways we can slow the degredation of our seas. This will require assistance from motivated individuals around the world to help spread the word, and to help create change. We will use our images and video footage to make educational material, hopefully multilingual, that will allow teachers and motivators around the world to capture the imagination of those who might not realize what the impacts their daily lives are having on our environment. To do this, we also need financial support, so that we can grow our reach, and expand our global relationships to bring all types of solutions to the
table, be they land-based or ocean-based.

Project Kaisei will be planning future expeditions and research to expand upon the knowledge that we have already gained from our expedition this summer. Hopefully our followers can spread the word to their friends and contacts, and we all can work together to make one of the largest changes ever undertaken for the benefit of our ocean.

RE-ENTRY HANGOVER

In earlier blogs I have likened our voyage to the Plastic Gyre to a jaunt on the Shuttle to Outer Space. I am now feeling the effects of re-entry. Returning to “real life“ is weird. The ocean journey is so real and fresh that I indeed feel awkward as an auk looking around at how we humans go about our daily activities on land.

A few hours after arriving in Hong Kong on Monday, I had repacked and was on another flight to Shanghai. “Insane!” my San Francisco friends said en route (I flew from Portland via SF to Hong Kong and on to Shanghai….) Yes, re-entry was a blur during the precious few hours’ stopover in SF as their hospitality outdid itself – a street food festival in The Mission district, a mojito (or two) at a new found favourite dive The Phone Booth, and a stunning late late lunch at Limon, a Peruvian gem on the other side of 24th Street. Maximum overload stimuli plus cocktails… While I was poured into a spa bath, my greasy dirty stuff in the laundry to get me all clean and squeaky for the long ride back East, they looked at photos. “Too much to explain in one go”, I said, and passed out before the taxi came.

I finally arrived in Shanghai last evening, cancelled a dinner appointed and fell into bed to awake fully dressed nearly 12 hours later.

“Where am I ? Where’s my bunk? Did I miss my manta madness night shift ???!!!”

I’m back to a routine I knew before. That’s before I embarked upon one of the most extraordinary journeys of my life to date. I have not had time to process everything – this I know will come in time, and in its own time. What I do know profoundly is, things are not the same – they cannot be. I don’t want them to be because I want to be part of something that has to do with change. The positive, collective change in habits and behavior that needs to happen to most of us living in this modern world.

My routine is not routine anymore. I am mindful of everything – every interaction, every decision, big or small. I’m happier for it. And, I’ve slowed down my reactions to consider more clearly the actions I want to take. No kneejerk.

I also know now that my intuition was correct for this voyage. It is one I had to go on, not wanted to go on. I am extremely grateful for being able to have made this “requirement” of mine a reality. So, “real” can actually be so, if you want it badly enough.

I think of reality in relative and virtual ways. One day aboard bordering sundowner time, Jim the Scripps faculty advisor of Lucky, The Catatonic Puppy fame by now, caught Josh, Andrew and I mixing virtual cocktails on the bridge deck. We were so into it we did not see his stealth camera clad figure quietly observing our convincing behavior. “What are you guys doing?” his inquiring smile slid into the scene. Giggles and pours into my issue Bunk 17 cup where enough to widen his grin into full-blown underbreath gut laughs. Josh had divulged his recipe for a Dizzy Fizzy, we were flirting with a Twurly Wurly and I was just about to spout a cheating meanest Margarita.

There were so many real things on the trip it hurt. Sometimes real hurts. People avoid real or hurt if they can. Miraculously, everyone came away physically unscathed in relation to the hardcore machinery in use aboard. The real stuff is the findings that can be used to build awareness of the problem at hand, namely, the debris we found in one of the oldest ecosystems on earth.

There will be a press conference at Scripps Institution this Thursday, 27th August. Check it out. www.scrippsnews.ucsd.ed. Hopefully Scripps SEAPLEX 1 and the Project Kaisei “Ocean Recovery Alliance” effort are the beginning of more needed scientific trips to the gyre and other places of real concern.

Meanwhile, I go about my first day back noticing how many things we use and throw out that are made with non-biodegradable materials. It simply does not add up. My psyche is reset. Truth is, in this re-entry period, I am going through withdrawal. I miss everyone on board. I miss it the being there and being a part of something so important. I just want to make a difference. I hope nothing will be the same.

And, I may have a real hangover tomorrow. Where are my virtual cocktail party boys when I need them?

Beam me up!

High Seas Haikus

I should come on more of these cruises. I won 20 bucks on the football betting pool for the San Diego vs Settle game last Saturday, and I was co-winner of the on-line high seas Haiku contest (a beer at the Rogue Brewery in Newport). Here are the three top entries:

Whales spout plastic tears.
Behold a New Horizon !
Hope dawns with the sun.
-Karin

Happy fish swims free.
Meets the deep Oozeki trawl.
Sample jar 1-3
-Pete

Along the currents.
Drift plankton and trash alike.
Our New Horizon.
-Matt

Seas are at 6-8 foot swells, some people are getting green around the gills, waves crash over the bridge. No more sampling due to time constraints need to reach port before 0800 on Friday. We’re packing up, assembling our gear, preliminary information and thoughts for future endeavors. The gyre is behind us for this voyage. We have an exciting future ahead.

Riding Eastward waves.
Project Kaisei future bound.
Sea legs on dry land.

See you on terra firma!

KARIN

Gyre Thoughts

We have just passed through the convergence zone, leaving the gyre, after two weeks in only one area of a large water mass, known as the North Pacific Gyre. Our findings made believers out of doubters, if there were any before we set out. We found bits of plastic debris, consistently, in over 100 sample nets, towed on the surface, over 900 miles of water. These samples were random in their location, but scheduled in their intervals.

I too was surprised. I knew we would not find an “island” out here, but I also didn’t expect to find the mass-existence of so much smaller debris. Now the question is “how deep does it go?” How fast does the material break down into this small, “confetti” state, after being at sea in the form of a large object from the beginning of its journey to the gyre?

We only scratched the surface. That is sad, because there is a lot of ocean that we did not survey, and the water characteristics in the gyre suggest that there is much more than what we witnessed in just a two-week period. What this shows us is that man has extended it’s reach, to the far reaches of the world, in this case the ocean, in the form of another environmentally tarnished footprint. We only saw two boats on the entire time in the gyre, and one was the Kaisei. Even planes barely fly overhead. This is the “quiet zone” in terms of human activity, because there is no one out here working, polluting, or wasting things, yet we have still managed to leave our mark in the form of debris. It has come from all of us. There is only one ocean. This debris filled gyre is a perfect case of tragedy of the commons.

It is our ocean, and now it is time to appreciate its importance in our daily lives, even if we don’t touch it every day, instead of always taking from it, or adding to it.

LANDWARD

The 100th manta was deployed during the last intensive station, the bongos and Ozeki have been retired and the ship has turned eastward signaling our return voyage has commenced. By no means are we sitting on deck in the sun and intermittent squalls enjoying Virgin Marys and Shirley Temples. We’re still on six-hour manta and nightly CTD duty and we’re having a Town Hall Science Meeting this evening to summarize our journey. Our night shift is buzzing albeit at lower volume. With the most recent CTD deploys we’ve been sending down painted personalize Styrofoam cups to shrink. Squashing those air bubbles at depth anywhere from 500 to 1000 meters produces neat little shot glasses, a great conversation piece or gift for family and friends. Hey, since the device is going down anyway, might as well use science and lots of pressure to create something cool and possibly useful (no Styrofoam escaped in the making of these cups, nor was any animal tested or harmed…). Mine don’t leak as far as I can tell. I will test them with legal substances once upon dry land having disembarked from our dry vessel.

Chief Scientist Miriam spoke of disembarkation procedures today during our weekly drill. This last week has arrived suddenly and people are already starting to pack up and batten down the equipment. There’s another good reason for this. We are expected to hit weather – 10 to 15-foot swells as we approach the Oregon Coast within the next few days. The waves are expected to roll the vessel from side to side so Miriam suggests fortifying our bunks on either side with pillows. Where are the bunk belts when you need them? Doug and a few others have mentioned they will reaffix seasick patches just in case. I didn’t need them coming out and will see how my constitution holds.

I’m already going through intensive manta deployment withdrawal. It’s weird having six hours between tows. During the intervals, we watch plastic during the day and log findings by night (We also fish and watch squid surface the night crew assist with search lights to illuminate prey and preyed upon we caught one !). We’ve seen loads of plastic debris today, large, small and medium. We’re compiling an interim findings report which hopefully will be ready soon following the cruise.

I’m weaning myself gently on to a daytime schedule so I can enjoy some non-comatose Vitamin D sessions. But not before I had one last evening of being transported by the cosmodome that is the night sky enveloping you as you lie on your back on the bow staring into space. There were so many stars I could not distinguish the constellations. Big Dipper, Northern Star and Casiopia were the only ones I could identify. I wished I had had a starmap to guide me through the thicket of lightfield. Then a flash blaze shooting star erupted to streak the heavens with a glowing twinkling brush. All on deck cried out in unison and wonderment.

One other observation about being in the middle of the ocean is the clouds. The horizon appears to end (yet not terribly convincingly to me, I see curvature and unseen distance). The clouds keep going. Layers, bulges and collages of them. I see clouds over clouds of earlier in my day as I look westward. I see the upcoming morning’s clouds at predawn as I catch a post-CTD pre lab peek on the fantail as the day prepares to wake. The clouds make the sunrises and sunsets expansive canvas modern
art.

You also know it’s wind down time when we gathered yesterday on the bow for a cruise group photo. Squinting into the afternoon seaglare, we flew the joint team T-shirt colors of Scripps and Project Kaisei. We are a happy bunch on the New Horizon having nearly completed a successful foray together to the Plastic Vortex.

Detached from the realm of humans, we just as well could have been aboard the Shuttle to Outer Space on this expedition. We’ve collected our “moonrocks,” our samples, our data, much experience and are headed landward toward hard earth. Time to head Home.

The motion of the ship is now in my body. I wonder what it will feel like to maneuver on solid ground. I am beginning to see where oceanographers are coming from when some of them say they are awkward as auks on land. I am already contemplating getting a hammock for “reentry” readjustment. Or, I may prefer the hammock and simply want to keep sleeprocking. Which means I will need to deploy myself once again out to sea at some point in the not too distant future.

I am filing this blog not knowing if the seas will allow another one prior to docking in Newport. If this should be the case, wish us fair winds and safe passage on the home stretch.

Chelsea Rochman on the New Horizon
Scripps Science Team

The Pollutant Multiplier

The array of emotions this cruise has brought us all is indescribable.

It started off with such excitement and anticipation of what we may findand the journey ahead. That was followed by amazement and awe of the odd animals we were pulling up in the tows in the California Current. Then we began to find what we came here to see and emotions varied by person. For me, the reality of the plastic soup hit hard. The sight is overwhelming and the sadness for this mess in the ocean rained over me. Like a train wreck you cannot look away. As we continue on in the gyre thoughts about what we can do surround us? How can we truly make a difference? In my opinion there are two really important things we can do right now. One: educate others about the issue so that we can attempt to cut it off at the source. Prevention is important. Two: further our understanding of the effects on the oceans and its inhabitants. Amazing research is being conducted as we speak from all over the world. Each issue must first be understood in order to attack it properly. On this specific cruise we all may have a common interest, yet we each have our own specific niches. My niche happens to lie in the field of ecotoxicology.

The issue of marine debris is not new. Scientists and environmentalists have been shining light on this issue for years. In terms of adverse effects on marine life, information has been mostly mechanical. Mechanical aspects are those involving animals entangled in debris or ingesting it and either choking or satiating them so they starve. It has become apparent that these issues may not be the only ones. Lately we hear about the “other” plastic problem. This “other” problem deals with chemistry.

There are two issues we are dealing with here. One, the plastic leaches chemicals used in manufacturing that can be toxic to organisms at certain concentrations. Or, the issue that worries me most, plastics are like magnets to pollutants already present in seawater and these adhere to their surfaces at magnified concentrations. The ocean is the ultimate sink for many industrial and agricultural pollutants. It is a known fact that pesticides, fuel residue, flame retardants, etc. are in the oceans.

These are a few of what we refer to as a suite of chemicals called Persistent Organic Pollutants, or POPs. Many POPs are known to be harmful to marine organisms. Animals will bioconcentrate these pollutants from water or sediments, or bioaccumulate them from other organisms. Rachel Carson told the story of how DDT, a pesticide, brought the brown pelicans to near extinction. POPs are persistent and not very soluble and thus can concentrate in the water, sediments and the food chain, and now plastic. These pollutants are hydrophobic, meaning they do not like water and thus stick to other particles in the water.

Plastic has become a new material for them to leach onto. Now, don’t let this fool you into sounding like a good thing because it removes the pollutants from the water. Many organisms have been documented to ingest plastic mistaking it for food. Once this plastic is introduced into their system the POPs have the ability to leach off and grab onto the tissue of the organism. As the animal eats more and more plastic it has the ability to accumulate more pollutants. Plastics have been documented to attract magnified amounts of POPs from the water.

When an organism ingests this plastic and inherits the pollutants it is termed bioaccumulation. Now, lets say ten krill eat a plastic pellet and accumulate a certain amount of a pollutant. Then, two fish eat five of the krill each and now each have five times as much pollutant as the krill. Then a tuna comes along and eats the two fish and has ten times as much pollutant as the krill. Then the tuna is caught in a net, sold at the grocery store, and sold to you at the store to put on your dinner plate. After dinner, you have now accumulated the magnified concentration of pollutant. This is termed biomagnification. Now the issue involves more than just the ocean, but us. What are the adverse effects of some of these pollutants you may wonder: at certain levels some are carcinogens, may harm the reproductive system, disrupt the endocrine system, and some can lead to death.

As we begin to understand this issue better there is hope that we can make a change. While the ocean may be the ultimate sink for many pollutants, it does not have to be. If we can understand the adverse affects of our run-off, policy can be implemented to create cleaner and safer oceans for both marine life and other critters including ourselves that use the ocean for sustenance.

Doug Woodring
LOST DOG FOUND:
Latitude 34.070454, Longitude 141.817886
One adorable, mortified-looking wet puppy.

The ship was bobbing peacefully at rest as the small boat was deployed on another garbage mission. A huge net was spotted some distance away and reports came back that attempts were being made to retrieve it before moving on to the ship’s new station. The trash sleuths succeeded to return with the usual buoys (JinChang brand), bottles ( Nongfu Springs mineral water from China) the net and – a dog.

This dog looked positively terrified. Gob smacked and otherwise catatonic. He was found by Jim the faculty advisor floating tangled in the nets like an unlucky dolphin or mermaid whose lovely golden locks had suffered a nasty brush with misfortune. Never mind that the soggy pooch was stuffed. It appeared surreally in distress with bulging eyes staring straight at his rescuers, animated floppy ears gyrating in the gyre as if to say, “Get me outta here, I hate this place !” Thus the dog made it to the ship. Examining it for any wounds or damage, the endearing yet somewhat disturbingly deranged expression on his little mug revealed a steely disposition for survival. Other than a few stitches undone around his well-formed snout and a barnacle tear below his right eye, pup seemed miraculously intact considering his ordeal. On closer inspection, it was determined that place of birth was China and Mom and Dad were Melissa and Doug, Inc. of Westport, Connecticut. There was even a telephone number. Since we do not have landlines, I could not call home for poor pup. It was decided that Jim would adopt pup, and possibly – after hosing him down to get the miscellaneous sea odor out of his 100% polyester fur, would take him on further cruises. Pup received a long lost family pet reception by all who came out to greet him. Then, he did the photo shoot rounds and became a star. Even the cat on the kitty litter bag in the wet lab requested a session with him.

During a quiet moment when new owner and pet were communing on the stern deck, Jim, in chatting with his fishing buddy Buddy, arrived at a name for his speechlessly grateful canine friend. To Jim this dog and this name for this dog seem to be appropriate for this cruise. Other scientists suggested Annette, Nurdle, Vortex and other plasticy references. But Jim held fast to his decision to name his pet, fashioned a plastic dog tag and attached it to a little plastic rope collar and asked me to do the honors to inscribe the new member of crew’s name both in English and Chinese and fasten it to his handsome if not squidgy neck. We sighed with satisfaction at the sight of a non-seafaring inanimate furry critter restored to health and could have sworn we saw that barnacle tear sparkle for an instant in the sunset. Lucky. Xing Fu. Indeed.

Today was a busy and pretty exciting day. It was also an eye-excersize
day, as we went from “macro” to “micro” in the debris hunting phase. If
our boat was going 9 knots, I was on the bridge looking for big debris
anywhere from 10m from our boat, to 6mile, at the drop off point of the
horizon (with binoculars of course). This was taxing at points with the
glare, and white caps that would stand up and almost wave at you,
tempting you to count them in the debris mix, only to find them
disappear again before you could then verify the debris, which of
course, was not there. This went on for an hour at a time, while Andrew
or Josh were on a computer tallying scores, and whoever was not
tallying, was looking at the area within 5m of the boat for debris that
came along that designated path.

As soon as the boat slowed for the manta trawls (1m mouth net, and about
20cm deep), we would run down to the water level and count particles we
could see going into the net’s mouth at 15min intervals. These could be
as small as 1mm in width. Amazing to think that we were looking for
such things in a vast ocean, but it was interesting to the calibrate the
numbers with the actual catch, as this will then help us with estimates
in the future.

After lunch Annie, Jim, Matt and I went out on the Zodiac for the last
time, looking for large debris pieces. We usually used the bridge and
spotters at high levels to help us find debris, but we happened to hit a
fairly thick area, and found a lot on our own by just driving the boat
around. Right near the end, we heard there was a ghost net, which is
what we had been looking for, as we wanted to get some underwater shots,
and these usually had a lot of fish life around them. This one was no
different, except for its “owner.” This owner of the net was a very
surreal stuffed dog, that was sitting properly on top of the nets,
almost waiting for us to come rescue it. We could not believe it, and
have no idea how it got there, not to mention its perfect positioning as
a watch dog! If anyone knows its owner, we have him safe and sound now.
He has become the boat’s mascot, and images of him can be seen on our
Voyage Tracker at kaisei.blipback.com.

Under this dog was a school of about 200 rainbow runner fish (about 8
inches long), and then 6 huge Mahi Mahi, swimming like a pack of hunting
dogs, but not bothering the rainbow runners – just yet. They lunged for
Jim’s lure (he had a rod, just in case we saw such a net), but didn’t
quite have the right gear to cast and reel them in. Instead Annie stuck
her head in the water with her big camera housing and got some
incredible footage! Stay tuned!

We are heading north now, to 40 degrees, where we will then head east.
There is a convergence zone there, so we expect to find a few more
interesting things along the way.

Karin Malmstrom
Project Kaisei

Ocean Fashion

Why you’re looking very ninja this evening, Birdboy Andrew says as I
enter the lab in black jeans, black T and jacket. Not a deliberate
effort on my part, it’s just the only cleanish clothes I have at the
moment. I’ve been observing the various forms of science fashion since
coming aboard. I guess you could call it its own species or genre.
Certain elements are present in most people’s wardrobes in various
styles, shapes, sizes and colors. I especially like the science or
wildlife themed T-shirts, a neon jellyfish crawling up one side of
Timbo’s chest, Miriam’s cut-out neckline trilobite with graduation cap
cartoon captioned “Old School”, Andrew’s webbed foot bird with the word
“ward” following the image, meaning auk [awk]- ward – on land – for some
ornithologists as well. Jesse’s Loch Ness Monster above ocean view with
below ocean view of a squid holding up a cut-out. Celebration of an
Antarctic expedition. Plankton jokes. It goes on. To harmonize our
cruise look we do have brand new Project Kaisei, Scripps Institution and
Orca shirts that are worn with pride fresh out of the laundry.

For deck work and observation watches, baseball and floppy hats for sun
are de rigueur as are sports sunglasses, knee-length multi-pocketed
shorts, waterproof pants and jackets for CTD duty and rough seas. My
favorite standard issue is the rubber boots. Steel-tipped are preferable
as hydraulic and other serious equipment is being operated for
deployments. Patagonia is a brand of choice for their
environmentally-conscious manufacturing which uses recycled plastic to
make fleece outerwear (I for one don’t feel comfortable wearing man-made
fiber plastic clothes but prefer natural fibers such as cotton, however
if wearing repurposed – don’t you LOVE that word ?- detergent bottles
makes you feel more eco-chic and can decrease the use of new plastic
nurdles, hey, it floats my boat too !) And then there are the work vests
to go over everything. The dirtier the greasier the outfit the better.
To complement the look, your hands need to smell like diesel fuel,
rotten squid or, for lab work, hydrochloric acid. A slime or grease
smear on your face, arm or leg or getting drenched by the CTD, adds
“ocean cred”.

Since we shipboard fashionistas are strutting our stuff aboard New
Horizon, I pause to survey the “super model” we have come all this way
to admire. What is the ocean wearing this season ? In our patch of the
gyre, it’s fishnets. Lots of them, in large tangled masses. Floating
plastic and rope nets so cumbersome and heavy we cannot haul the
specimens back to the ship on the small boat but need to cut away a
chunk for reference, a sample that will join a number of other plastic
sea accessories assembled on deck. We pass by streams of flotsam but
cannot stop to pick up everything – we’d be out here forever. Just this
morning I saw a huge serving spoon (!?) floating by next to a bucket, a
plastic wrapper and part of a buoy among other items. Those
knowledgeable about ships’ engine rooms would recognize the various
versions of strainers. We’ve seen quite a few and given the time could
amass an impressive collection. Plastic crates, laundry baskets, every
size and shape of plastic bottle made on earth. Doug is bringing what he
can pack in his suitcase back for “show and tell” (glad it’s his luggage
not mine. I’m still trying to get stinky squid innards smell out of my
nostrils).

You could ask, who are we, a motley crew of T-shirted scientists,
deckhands and volunteers afloat for two weeks, to judge how gorgeous the
ocean looks? From our perspective, it is sexiest au natural in its
birthday suit. The ocean does not cut a pretty figure in its gyre
outfit. It is very passé, out of fashion and we want to help it get its
groove back.

By the way, squid seem to be a recurring theme on our trip – we see
flying squid, we netting a dead colossus and had a head-on collision
with an even larger dead one, and yet another species of squid surfaced
with our CTD last night. According to Jesse, squid indeed should be a
marine animal of note. He speculates that in the long run (think
millions of years) they could be a dominant species. So next time you
eat calamari rings, have respect, don’t play with your food.

Chelsea Rochman,
Scripps PhD Student

When a human is still a child their curiosity is endless. This curiosity
is imperative in order to understand surroundings and life in general.
Children are curious about the sky, the water, the ground, animals,
plants, buildings, cars, toys, mom’s necklace, and the list could
literally go on forever. As a child grows up and establishes the mental
capability to choose what interests them, their curiosity becomes like a
roadmap toward many different interests. There are so many ideas we
humans can latch onto as we grow up. That is the beautiful thing about
our complexity. We have the ability to reflect, care, and attempt to
truly understand our surroundings. This has lead to things on this earth
that are both good and bad.

From the dawn of man, we primates have become more complex. We are the
inventers. We have the ability to utilize the Earth’s resources in ways
unimaginable by any other species. Our innovations are unbelievable and
brilliant, and our curiosity drives these inventions. And sometimes, our
curiosity and complexity gets the best of us.

Plastic was an invention that has proved valuable in many fields. It is
light, durable, and cheap. It is also utterly convenient. It is made out
of what once seemed like an endless resource, oil. Plastic materials
have been in existence for over 100 years. The number of plastic
products has increased exponentially since its invention. It is obvious
from experience that there is plastic littered about the Earth. It can
be found on beaches and in the ocean even if we selectively choose not
to focus on it. The ocean is the ultimate sink for any run-off from land
or dumping from ships. The oceans are in constant motion and many
floating objects will inevitably follow the currents to where they lead.
If plastic has been around for over one hundred years, manufacture of it
has been increasing, and we know some of it ends up in the ocean it
seems pretty apparent to me to expect to see garbage floating in the
middle of the oceans where gyres form.

Once the plastic debris reaches its destination, it lies at the fate of
its ability to degrade. Plastic photodegrades, the light breaks it down
into smaller and smaller pieces. These smaller pieces are what we are
pulling up in the manta net floating among the plankton. It has become
clear that yes, there is plastic floating in the middle of the Pacific.
Yes, there is a lot of it. The question is, what are the effects on
individual organisms, species, populations, communities, ecosystems,
oceans, and the Earth? If we cannot understand these effects, how can we
begin to make a change? How can we inspire people to care if they cannot
understand it?

Understanding is key, as humans we have the ability to understand.
However, ignorance is bliss, and what we don’t know won’t hurt us.
“Ignorance is bliss”, to me, holds so much truth. I guess I am a
masochist because I have chosen to continue to learn more and more about
this very issue we float upon today in the North Pacific Gyre.